LIME SULPHUR REFERENCES
DERMATOPHYTOSIS
Treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats : review of published studies.
Moriello KA. Vet Dermatol, 2004 Apr; 15(2):99-107.
The recent literature on the treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats was
reviewed. Based upon in vitro studies using isolated infected hairs and controlled
or field in vivo studies, the following topical treatments were consistently
found to be antifungal (i.e. antidermatophyte): lime sulfur (1:16), 0.2% enilconazole
rinses, and a combined 2% miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo. Animals or hairs
were either bathed or rinsed once or twice weekly.
Evaluation of topical therapies for the treatment of dermatophyte-infected
hairs from dogs and cats. White-Weithers N, Medleau L. J Am Anim
Hosp Assoc. 1995 May-June;31(3):250-3.
Seven commonly used, topical antifungal products (i.e., lime sulfur, chlorhexidine,
captan, povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite, and enilconazole solutions, and
ketoconazole shampoo) were evaluated for their antifungal activity on Microsporum
canis-infected hairs from dogs and cats in an in vitro study. Hairs were soaked
or shampooed in each product for five minutes twice a week for four weeks. Of
the seven products used in this study, lime sulfur and enilconazole solutions
were superior in inhibiting fungal growth; no growth occurred on fungal cultures
after two treatments with either product. Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine
solutions were effective after four treatments, and sodium hypochlorite solution
and ketoconazole shampoo inhibited fungal growth after eight treatments. Captan
did not inhibit fungal growth during the test period.
Development of an in vitro, isolated, infected spore testing model for disinfectant
testing of Microsporum canis isolates.
Moriello KA, Deboer DJ, Volk LM, Sparkes A, Robinson A. Vet Dermatol.
2004 Jun;15(3):175-80.
The objectives of this study were to develop a method to produce spores for
testing when only mycelial forms were available and to develop a semi-quantitive
testing method that used only infective spores from hairs, and not pooled hair
samples for testing. Ten isolates of M.canis were used in this study. Juvenile
guinea pigs were easily infected using mycelial forms of M. canis and large
numbers of spores were easily harvested for testing. Eight dilutions of disinfectants
were tested. Fungal culture data were evaluated using an endpoint dilution at
which there was 100% fungicidal activity, i.e. no growth on the plates. The
10 samples showed identical results. Chlorhexidine and Virkon (R) S were inefffective
even when used at x4 the manufacturer's recommended dilution. Lime sulphur (1:33),
enilconazole (20 microL mL(-1), and bleach (1:10) were consistently effective
when used at the recommended dilution. In addition, lime sulphur and enilconazole
were 100% fungicidal even when the recommended concentration was diluted 4 x
that as recommended.
DEMODICOSIS
Treatment protocols for demodicosis: as evidence-based review.
Mueller RS. Vet Dermatol. 2004 Apr;15(2):75-89
Publications discussing the treatment of demodicosis in the dog and cat are
reviewed. Based on the evidence in the literature, amitraz rinses at 0.025-0.6%
every 7 - 14 days, and oral daily ivermectin at 300 micro g Kg(-1), milbemycin
at 2mg kg(-1) and moxidectin at 400 micjro g kg(-1), respectively, can be recommended
for the therapy of generalized canine demodicosis. Ivermectin and moxidectin
should be initiated at lower doses and patients monitored for possible adverse
effects during therapy. In cats, 2% lime sulfur dips and amitraz rinses at 0.0125-0.025%
have been used successfully.
Demodicosis in two cats seropositive for feline innumodeficiency virus.
Chalmers S, Schick RO, Jeffers J. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989 Jan 15;194(2):256-7
Two cats were diagnosed with generalized demodicosis. Serological test results
were negative for FeLV and positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. In one
cat, demodicosis resolved in response to topical application of lime-sulfur
solution, but the other cat was euthanatized.
Demodicosis in cats.
Ackerman L. Mod Vet Pract. 1984 Oct;65(10):751-2
Feline demodicosis, caused by Demodex cati, may be associated with immunosuppression,
as from FeLV infection or diabetes mellitus. Clinical signs include non pruritic
alopecia, scaling, erythema and hyperpigmentation in the facial region. Local
topical application of 2.5% lime sulfur solution every 10 days is usually curative
in weeks or months
OTHER PARASITES
Crusted scabies (sarcoptic mange) in four cats due to Sarcoptes scabiei
infestation.
Malik R, McKellar Stewart K, Sousa CA, Krockenberger MB, Pope S, Ihrke P,
Beatty J, Barrs VR, Walton S. J Feline Med Surg. 2006 Oct;8(5):327-39.
Epub 2006 Sep 6.
Four new cases of sarcoptic mange in cats are described. Three cases were diagnosed
on the basis of characteristic mite size and morphology in skin scraping from
representative lesions, situated on the head (two cases) or head and distal
hind limbs (one case). Mites were highly mobile and abundant in all instances,
and easily detected. In the remaining case, the diagnosis was presumptive, based
on characteristic lesions, cohabitation with a canine scabies patient and positive
response to scabicide therapy. Two cases responded promptly to therapy with
systemic avermectin drugs, while one responded to topical treatment with lime
sulphur and the remaining cat received both a lime sulphur rinse and ivermectin.
Trixacarus caviae infestation in two guinea pigs.
McDonald SE, Lavoipierre MM. Lab Anim Sci. 1980 Feb;30(1):67-70
Sarcoptid mites identified as Trixacarus caviae (Acarina: Sarcoptidae) were
found in skin scrapings taken from two pet guinea pigs with generalized skin
lesions. Clinical signs included intense pruritus, widespread alopecia and hyperkeratosis.
The lesions regressed following treatment with lime sulfur.
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